Estimating the Shares of the Value of Branded Pharmaceuticals Accruing to Manufacturers and to the NHS 

There has been extensive debate internationally over many years about appropriate methods to determine what the NHS and other health systems should pay for new branded pharmaceuticals.  In particular, the use of cost-effectiveness analysis to guide decisions and funding has been criticised as ignoring dynamic efficiency.  However, such analyses have often neglected the opportunity costs imposed by decisions to devote additional funding to branded pharmaceuticals, raising questions about when, how and to what degree health systems actually derive benefit for their populations from branded products.